Chapter+22

Closely related keys: Any key whose tonic is a diatonic triad (major or minor) in the original key. The key signatures of closely related keys differ at most by one accidental.

Modulation: A change of key, usually confirmed by a (perfect) authentic cadence. Abrupt modulation: Another term for direct modulation.

Direct modulation: Modulation accomplished without the use of a pivot chord or pitch.

Pivot chord: In a common-chord modulation, a harmony that functions diatonically in both the old key and the new key.

Pivot chord modulation: See common-chord modulation.

Tonicization: The result when a chord becomes a temporary tonic by means of a secondary, or applied, dominant. The key of the passage does not really change, and the temporary tonic soon returns to its normal functional role in the primary key.