Chapter+Four

Define the following terms: Aeolian: An ordered collection with the pattern of whole and half steps corresponding to the diatonic collection starting and ending on A; the same collection as the natural minor scale.

Dorian: An ordered collection with the pattern of whole and half steps correspinding to the white-key diatonic collection starting and ending on D. Equivalent to a natural minor scale with scale degree 6 raised by a half step.

Harmonic minor: The natural minor scale with raised scale degree 7.

Ionian: An ordered collection with the pattern of whole and half steps corresponding to the diatonic white-note collection starting and ending on C. The same collection as the major scale.

Locrian: An ordered collection with the pattern of whole and half steps corresponding to the diatonic white-note collection starting and ending on B. Sounds like a natural minor scale with scale degrees 2 and 5 lowered by one half step.

Lydian: An ordered collection with the pattern of whole and half steps corresponding with the pattern of whole and half steps corresponding to the diatonic white-note collection starting and ending on F. Equivalent to a major scale with scale degree 4 raised by one half step.

Melodic minor: The natural minor scale that includes the raised 6 and 7 as it ascends, but reverts to the natural minor form of 6 and 7 as it descends.

Minor Pentatonic: A five-note subset of the diatonic collection that features the minor-key scale degrees 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7.

Mixolydian: An ordered collection with the pattern of whole and half steps corresponding to the diatonic white-note collection starting and ending on G. Equivalent to a major scale with scale degree 7 lowered by one half step.

Modal Scale degree: The scale degrees that differ between major and natural minor scales 3, 6, and 7.

Mode: 1) Rotations of the major (or natural minor) scale (e.g., the Dorian mode is a rotation of the C major scale beginning and ending on D. 2) Term used to distinguish between major and minor keys.

Natural minor: The major scale with lowered 3, 6, and, aggranged according to the pattern of whole and half steps W-H-W-W-H-W-W. Natural minor shares the same key signature as the relative major key.

Parallel minor: The minor key that shares the same tonic as a given major key. The parallel minor lowers 3, 6, and 7 of the major key.

Phrygian: An ordered collection with the pattern of whole and half steps corresponding to the diatonic white-note collection starting and ending on E. Equivalent to a natural minor scale with scale degree 2 lowered by a half step.

Raised submediant: Raised scale degree 6 in melodic minor.

Relative Major: The major key that shares the same key signature as a given minor key The relative major is made from the same pitch-class collection as its relative minor, but begins on scale degree 3 of the minor key.

Relative Minor: The minor key that shares the same key signature as a given major key. The relative minor is made from the same pitch-class collection as its relative major, but begins on scale degree 6 of the major key.

Subtonic: 1) Scale degree 7 of the natural minor scale, so called because it is a whole step below tonic. 2) The triad built on 7 of natural minor.

1. What similarities do the relative and parallel minors share with major? How do the relative and parallel minors differ from each other? Parallel minor shares the same tonic as a given major key. Relative minor shares the same key signature as a given major key. Parallel minor lowers 3, 6, and 7 of the major key. Relative minor begins on scale degree 6 of the major key.

2. What are the scale-degree differences between the three minor scale types? How do these differences affect the scale-degree names? Natural minor is the major scale with lowered 3, 6, and 7, arranged according to the pattern of whole and half steps W-H-W-W-H-W-W. The Harmonic minor is the natural minor with raised scale degree 7. Melodic minor is natural minor with raised 6 and 7 as it ascends but goes back to natural minor 6 and 7 as it descends.

3. Given a key signature, how do you know which minor key it represents? The minor key is the 6th note of the major scale.

4. Given a minor key, how do you find the relative major? Begins on scale degree 3 of the minor key.

5. How do the modes differe from major and minor? Describe the relative and parallel methods for identifying modes. Differ only by scale degrees 3, 6, and 7.

6. Give a pitch and a mode to build upon it, what steps should you follow? Ionian scale is identical to major. Mixolydian scale has a lowered 7. Lydian scale has a raised 4. Aeolian scale is identical to natural minor. Dorian scale has a raised 6. Phrygian scale has a lowered 2.

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