Chapter+Eleven

Arrangement- A piece that is made from a composition originally written for other types of performers.

Bb instruments- An instrument whose sounding pitch is a whole step lower than the notated pitch. The most common Bb instruments are the trumpet, clarinet, bass clarinet, and tenor saxophone (the last two sound a whole step plus an octave lower than the notated pitch).

C (concert pitch) score- A nontransposed score that shows all the parts in the concert key- ie all the pitches in the score are the pitches that the instruments sound.

C instruments- An instrument whose sounding pitch is the same as the notated pitch. Common C instruments include piano, flute, oboe, bassoon, trombone, tuba, harp, and most of the string family.

Concert key- The concert key is the key that all of the instruments sound in.

Concert pitch- The sounding pitch of an instrument. For transposing instruments, this differs from notated pitch.

Doubling- In four-part writing, a triad pitch represented in two different voices.

Eb instruments- An instrument whose sounding pitch is a major sixth lower (or minor third higher) than the notated pitch. The most common Eb instruments are the alto and baritone saxophone and the Eb clarinet.

F instruments- An instruments whose sounding pitch is a perfect fourth higher than the notated pitch. Orchestration- Music set or composed for a large ensemble.

Short score- A score that shows several parts combined on each staff.

Tendency tone- A chord member or scale degree whose dissonant relation to the surrounding tones requires a particular resolution in common-practice style.

Transposed Score- A score that shows the pitches as notated in the performers’ parts rather than the sounding pitches.

Transposing instruments- An instrument whose notated pitches are not the same as the pitches that sound when played.

1. What triad member (or chord member) is usually doubled in triads in root position? In first inversion? In second inversion? The chord member that is usually doubled in triads in root position is the root. The chord member that is usually doubled in the first inversion is the soprano. The chord member that is usually doubled in the second inversion is the fifth.

2. What cord members is usually doubled in seventh cords? What are the exceptions to this general guideline? The seventh chords generally do not require doubled chord members. However in some situations, the root is doubled and the fifth is omitted.

3. How would you transpose a flute melody for Bb clarinet? A trombone part for tenor saxophone? You would make the notated key a whole step above the concert-pitch key and move notes up.

4. What is the difference between a concert-pitch score (or C score) and a transposed score? A short score and a full score? The transposed score is shows the notes the instruments play rather than the sounding pitches, and the C score is not transposed and shows all the instruments’ parts in the concert key. The short score does not have individual staves for each part, and the full score does have individual staves for each part.